Diurnal, seasonal, and vertical distribution of carbon monoxide levels and their potential sources over a semi-arid region, India

The present study focuses on the investigation of both near-surface and vertical variability carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations their potential sources obtained from in situ satellite Measurements Pollution Troposphere (MOPITT) over a semiarid region (Anantapur, India) January 2016 to December 2017. diurnal variation CO shows sharp morning (07:00-09:00 LT) evening peaks associated local anthropogenic activities as well impact mixed layer height, low during daytime (12:00-15:00 LT). levels afternoon hours may be due increase height decrease sources. seasonal mean showed no obvious variation, with highest observed winter (329 ± 52 ppbv), followed by pre-monsoon (327 57 post-monsoon (234 36 ppbv) monsoon (192 22 ppbv). high are attributed increased emissions shallow height. distribution secondary at high-pressure (300-200 hPa) winter, pre-monsoon, post-monsoon, which indicates transport different source regions. These findings reasonably confirmed through air mass Concentrated Weighted Trajectory (CWT) analysis Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated (HYSPLIT) model. This suggests that except for monsoon, masses transported Indo-Gangetic Basin also contribute enhancement receptor site